Abstract：In this present paper, dry seeds of peanut of cytological effects have been studied for Ar+ laser-irradiated at 488 nm. With laser 5.12 W /cm2 power density, there was difference in the plumule cell and cell nucleus, and the chromosomal aberration of peanut root tip cell was induced observed. With irradiating time added, the cells were destroyed serious, such as on the membrane system, fatbody, inhibition proteinbody and cell nucleus appeared irregular.,and the types of chromosomal aberration also increased. According to The seeds sprouting and growing, however, the dose of 60s treatment leads to a suitable dose.