Abstract: In order to investigate the influence on the health of human beings of two environmentally detrimental factors working together, AG1522 cells co-treated by alpha particles and diesel particulate extract (DPE) were employed as an experimental model to explore their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. It was found that, in comparison with control, a combination of 1cGy alpha particle and 24 hour 20 μg/mL DPE treatment led to a 40 percent reduction in cell viability and 2-fold increase in micronuclei formation, whereas either 1 cGy alpha particles radiation alone reduced cell viability by 14.19 % and increased micronuclei formation by 36.84 %, or 24-hour 20μg/mL DPE treatment alone diminished cell viability by 17.29 % and raised micronuclei formation by 73.68 %. Our current work demonstrates that the toxicity