Abstract: Within the past decade microsatellites have developed into one of the most popular genetic markers.Despite the widespread use of microsatellite analysis, an integral picture of the mutational dynanmics of microsatellite DNA is just beginning to emerge. This paper reviews the newest advance of evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite DNA from the following aspects: Microsatellite genesis, Inferring patterns of microsatellite evolution, DNA replication slippage is the predominant mutation mechanism of microsatellite DNA, Factors influencing microsatellite mutation rates, Length distribution of microsatellites, Frequency distribution of microsatellites and so on